RECOGNIZING THE MIRACLE OF THE MINDFUL TURNS OF SKIING

“Every day we are engaged in a miracle that we don’t even recognize: the blue sky, the white clouds, the green leaves, and the curious eyes of a child. All is a miracle.
“When we walk we’re not walking alone. Our parents and ancestors are walking with us. They’re present in every cell of our bodies. So each step that brings us healing and happiness also brings healing and happiness to our parents and ancestors. Every mindful step has the power to transform us and all our ancestors within us, including our animal, plant and mineral ancestors. We don’t walk for ourselves alone. When we walk, we walk for our family and for the whole world.”
-Thich Nhat Hanh “At Home in the World”

Many skiers are familiar with the Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hahn because of his writing and activism during the Vietnam war, but the majority of skiers are not practitioners of Buddhism or familiar with the value it places on what is termed ‘a skilled mind.’ A basic Buddhism guide describes such capable awareness: “Essentially, according to Buddhist teachings, the ethical and moral principles are governed by examining whether a certain action, whether connected to body or speech is likely to be harmful to one’s self or to others and thereby avoiding any actions which are likely to be harmful. In Buddhism, there is much talk of a skilled mind. A mind that is skillful avoids actions that are likely to cause “suffering or remorse.” It may be a stretch for some to conflate the deliberate, well-placed step of walking with the faster movement of controlling the slide down a snow-covered slope on a pair of skis as equally mindful tools of healing, happiness and transformation for the whole world, but it is a stretch I am willing and obliged to make. More people walk than ski but we all carry our ancestors within, and the necessary control of the arc of the turn is as personally powerful as the placement of the foot and requires the same mindful attention to the present moment. Those who may posit that the act of skiing carries a greater inherent risk than that of walking have a point worth considering, but as a lifetime skier I am far less likely to encounter or cause harm skiing any slope I choose to ski than I would be on a leisurely walk alone in certain neighborhoods of any large city on earth, and, alas, most smaller cities and towns. That said, there are all too many skiers and walkers with unskilled minds, dangerously and obliviously unaware that they do not move alone on the paths and slopes of the world.
Each of us carries and is engaged with the miracle of sky, clouds, leaves, parents, children, ancestors, animals, plants and minerals of Earth with every breath and step we take and every turn we make—for ourselves, our family and the whole world. Every skier who has ever lived knows instinctively if not always intellectually that the act of skiing is transformative, but not every skier appreciates that none of us ski by or for ourselves alone. Stop alongside any blue, green, black or backcountry ski run in the country and observe the action, and I am confident you will notice a surprising number of skiers who seem oblivious to the skiers around them as more than impediments to the arc of their turn, completely unaware of the ancestors carried within. Perhaps you have literally encountered one of them. If so, I hope you both came away from the meeting unharmed, transformed and more mindful rather than in need of physical, emotional and karmic healing.
Common sense and modern science assures us that we do indeed carry our parents and ancestors within us. I like the idea which makes sense that engaging in action that brings healing and happiness to ourselves includes our parents and ancestors, and not just those connected by direct genetics as all things and every person are connected. Those for whom skiing is a major factor of life do not question the importance of engaging in it with a skilled mind.
Mindful skiers are aware that the miracle of skiing as we know it is unraveling in many different though connected ways. One indicator as obvious as and directly connected to the blue sky and white clouds is that in the last 40 years the average annual snowpack in the Western United States has dropped by 41% with a consequent shrinkage of 34 skiable days. This trend is expected to continue so that in 50 years the mountains of today’s Western American ski resorts will be brown in February. Ski resorts around the world are closing because of lack of reliable snow. Another thread in the fabric of the undoing of skiing is the economic reality of recent decades that fewer and fewer citizens of the world can afford to ski, and the rate of new skiers entering the sport is declining. The inequality of the world’s economic reality (especially in the United States), the diminishing snowpack and the subtle changes in the blue sky and white clouds and the unequivocal environmental crises are as interconnected as the parents, children, ancestors, animals, plants and minerals of Earth. These same dynamics are evident everywhere on Earth and all signs are that they will only increase, not diminish. That is, the untying of the miracle of the Earth’s environment and the inequality of its human economy are as woven together as all our ancestors and, it needs emphasizing, descendants.
Our parents and ancestors are walking and skiing with us, and so are all our descendants, including our plant, animal and mineral ones. Humans with unskilled minds have for far too long treated the Earth as commodity and market rather than cornucopia and miracle, and the consequences of such greed based carelessness are obvious everywhere on earth and do not need more description. It is going to get worse and humans are not going to heal the Earth. In the process of healing itself it is possible and very likely probable that the Earth will rid itself of humans, and there’s not a damn thing we can do about it.
What we can do for ourselves is take each step and make every turn on skis with a skillful mind bringing healing and happiness to each of us and all our ancestors in the present moment. And if that’s all we can do, why not do it?

EARTH RIDER

EARTH RIDER

A 90 Minute Ski Film by Mike Marvin
Reviewed by Dick Dorworth
First published in Mountain Gazette 50 years ago

Most films about skiing longer than 30 minutes traditionally fall into the Warren Miller mold, which need not be described here. The few exceptions have focused on racing, such as Dick Barrymore’s The Secret Race and Paul Ryan’s Ski Racer. Avoiding hanging his film on some peg like racing or the Miller format, Mike Marvin, with Earth Rider, has refreshingly ignored the traditions.
The plot is deceptively simple — three guys traveling around the country in a van looking for good skiing. The three skiers, Bob Stokes, Dick Tash and Steve Hunt are different types of skiers, none of them my kind of skier. Stokes, clearly the best of the three, leads the show through the best powder available in such places as Jackson Hole, Grand Targhee, Aspen, Vail, Bear Valley and Squaw Valley.
The photography and editing is well done and fast moving. Good skiing is good skiing. And people who move around are always good subject matter. But none of these is enough to hold together a truly remarkable film experience, held together by three aspects of the film. First, there is Mike Marvin, who produced, directed, filmed, edited, chose the music and personally narrates it whenever and wherever he can show it. Mostly this has been in bars and on college campuses, but things are slowly picking up for Earth Rider and there have been some packed-house auditorium showings. Marvin has shown his film some 180 times around the Western U.S. He wrote of his film, “I wanted it to be not only the most unusual ski film ever done, but the best. It would have everything that the ski audience (the aficionados) would expect from it, but not too much of any one thing. Additionally, it would be based on a dramatic story, believable to and acceptable by the average moviegoer.” In other words, Marvin had a concept. He is reaching for the non-skiing audience in somewhat the way Bruce Brown went for the non-surfers and non-motorcyclists in The Endless Summer and On Any Sunday. His concept works. His personal narration is really good, though he makes too ample use of the put down.
The second reason the film works is that he’s the second ski filmmaker (Paul Ryan was the first) to use music as an integral part of the film. Listenable music anyway. The music by guitarist Leo Kottke and singer-guitarist John Stewart is given to the audience on a four track stereo system. As a Kottke fan, I can tell you it is one fine listening experience. Stewart, an ex-Kingston Trioer, sings some of his own material, including the title song and an amazing piece called “Crazy.”
Which brings us to the third reason this is a film to see — Rick Sylvester skiing off El Capitan. According to the film script, Marvin and his skiers encounter Sylvester at Bear Valley in the spring, just as they are out of the money needed to continue their journey and finish the film. Sylvester lays this incredible dream he has upon their heads — to ski off El Cap with a parachute and capture the experience on film. Marvin backs off until Sylvester says, “And I’ve got $10,000.00 to back it up.” At which point Marvin says, “Lead on!” In actuality, Sylvester was involved in the film from the beginning, owns 24 percent of it, put up much of the money for it, and was scheduled to play a more important role than he, in fact, did. Though the facts are forever lost in the enmity that grew up during the making of the film (and obvious in the film) between Sylvester and Marvin, Sylvester was supposed to be the star of the show; and, in a certain sense, that’s the way it worked out.
Among those who know him, Sylvester is not famous for respect or consideration for the people who try to be his friends, nor is he a master of the art of rational thought, but he is intense. Oh, yes indeed, he is one intense dude. This means that whatever Sylvester is doing he is doing very hard, and with little thought or attention devoted outside the point at hand. I mean, any man who needs to ski off El Cap in order to make a statement about himself is not following the middle path and he is going to have his problems with the people around him, and Sylvester does. However, this intensity has gotten him both up and down El Cap in one piece, up several other fine climbs, and both the Eiger and Everest are in Sylvester’s dreams. Stewart’s song, “Crazy” is used as part of explaining Sylvester’s personality at the right moment in the film. Though there is a voice track that is purported to be Sylvester expounding the philosophy and motives behind the jump, the voice is not Sylvester’s and the words can only be a guess at his philosophy.
What Marvin does with the great El Cap caper is one of the strongest, most beautiful film experiences I have ever known. The build up to the jump is stock drama fare, but extremely powerful. When Sylvester finally gets ready to begin his inrun, the viewer can hardly believe he’s really going to do it. While in the inrun he nearly falls (he is going about 60mph, and he is not a strong skier), and the thought of dribbling over the edge of a 3400 foot cliff must have given Sylvester an extra adrenalin rush that kept him on his feet. And then he goes off the edge of El Capitan. Can you imagine? He actually goes over the edge. The wind which continually moves up the wall from the warmer valley floor knocks him right over backwards. Marvin had several differently positioned cameras on this project, and he shows Rick going over the edge over and over and over. And it just blows your mind. Then there is a shot from above showing Rick falling, falling, like a stone except that he is not a stone but a human being, one of our brothers, with a heart and brain and blood and flesh and failings and hang ups, like the rest of us though maybe more intense. As he falls into the beautiful Yosemite Valley the realization comes of just how close to the edge Sylvester has had to put himself. And all personal feelings, thoughts and knowledge about Sylvester are suddenly stripped away, leaving only the fact of Rick’s outrageous statement. He pulled it off, and all there is to say is: “Chapeau! Hats off to you, Sylvester. May you find peace on the edge, though I do not think it is out there.”

MARK PATTISON’S MT. EVEREST

Last ski season Sun Valley’s 59 year old Mark Pattison skinned up Bald Mountain 45 times as part of the training regimen of his quest to become the first NFL player to reach the top of the highest summits on each of the seven continents. He had already climbed the first six and his intention was to finish the endeavor with Everest and within 24 hours summit its neighbor Lhotse (4th highest mountain on Earth), a twofer that fewer than 40 people have accomplished. He left Sun Valley for Nepal in March and spent two months of preparation and acclimation on Everest.
Covid has had a serious impact on Nepalese society, both rich and poor, including former king Gyanendra and his wife Komal. And Covid seriously impacted climbers on Everest last season. Though for political and economic reasons Nepal’s government has denied it, trekking guides say at least 100 people climbers and guides tested positive at Everest base camp last season. Garrett Madison, who guided Pattison’s team, told the Seattle Times, “Most of our team of foreign climbers were vaccinated, but not all. None of our Nepal staff was vaccinated — our Sherpas and cooks and porters. (Vaccines are not widely available in Nepal.) We had to be very careful for them.”
Pattison was extremely lucky early in the expedition when he fell 10 feet off a ladder on an ice wall and was uninjured. Still, the whole experience took a toll on his health. He lost between 20 and 25 pounds because of the low protein freeze dried diet necessary on such climbs. He told the Times, “On summit day, I just had a little thing of granola and then I was throwing down candy bars the rest of the day. That’s just not the breakfast of champions to take on something like Mt. Everest.”
Nevertheless, on May 23rd Pattison left Camp 4 for the summit at 12:30 a.m. with Madison and the 10 members of his team composed of climbers from Norway, Ireland, Russia and Canada, including two females. Ten reached the summit. Along the way 75 year old Art Muir (no relation to John) joined their team and became the oldest American to reach the summit of Everest. Each had a Sherpa helper and several oxygen tanks. A 40 mph west wind blew tiny ice crystals left to right into Mark’s face and within an hour one of them had slashed his left eye and he was blind in that eye. (Fortunately, his eye recovered.) “I couldn’t believe how steep it was and how hard I was struggling because I hadn’t been able to eat enough that morning. Many times I considered quitting and turning around, and each time I thought about all the people who had been inspired (or had inspired) and been affected by my journey and got re-engaged to keep going. I knew I couldn’t quit as I know my daughter Emilia will never quit trying to overcome Epilepsy.
“As I slowly moved up the mountain, I kept hitting these famous points which have been documented in movies. As I climbed past dead bodies, it was a sober reminder that life is fragile and to focus on each step. Although my energy was low, my bigger concern was that I couldn’t see out of my left eye. On Everest you are connected to fixed lines, not other people. My ability to clip on and off became difficult and my Sherpa didn’t speak good English so he didn’t understand my need for help. At the end of the day I was able to summit, but not without the help of everyone who supported my goal and believed in me. As I was descending back to Camp 4 the idea of climbing Lhotse, the 4th highest mountain in the world suddenly didn’t matter as I knew I would have put my life in jeopardy. I completed what I set out to do.”
It took him 9 hours and 40 minutes to reach the summit from Camp 4 and 8 hours to get back down to Camp 4. He started the day with four oxygen bottles, and, he said, “I ran out of oxygen an hour before getting back to Camp 4 and then spent the night at 26,000 feet without supplemental oxygen. The next morning we started down and it was really hard to keep moving.”
He told the Times, “I knew that there could be a fatal outcome if I took on Lhotse. The goal was to get the record, to be the oldest guy to do that. (The twofer.) But at the end of the day, not only are my kids (Claudette and Emilia) important, I want to come back. My goal is to go up there and live and do it, not die trying to do some stupid record. It just didn’t become important in that moment. Before I went up there that morning it was very important, and as I was coming down it just became irrelevant and I didn’t care.”
Mark Pattison’s life has always been filled with physical, mental, emotional and spiritual struggles of lofty intentions and high achievement. Born, raised and schooled in Seattle, Washington, Pattison was an All American wide receiver as a junior at Roosevelt High School and as a quarterback his senior year. He was inducted into the High School Football Hall of Fame in 2005. He was an All American football player at the University of Washington under legendary coach Don James, playing in 2 Rose Bowls, 2 Aloha Bowls and 1 Orange Bowl in which he made the winning catch. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2016.
After college he played in the National Football League for five years, the first three with the New Orleans Saints and the last two with the Los Angeles Raiders. He described the move like this: “I had gone from New Orleans where I was playing, I was well-liked, I was a vital part of that team, and I went into free agency deals. I got double the money and signing bonus and I went back to Seattle. I thought that would be a great move, that was my hometown and that turned out to be the worst move ever. It just killed my spirits in terms of my love for the game. If I would have stayed in New Orleans, I know I would have played another two, three years for sure. It just didn’t play out that way.”
While growing up in Seattle he climbed extensively in the nearby Cascade Mountains, including Mount Rainier. He was also a lifetime skier like many Seattle skiers who eventually put down roots here after hundreds of visits to Sun Valley. Mark has been seriously physically active his entire life, and that did not end when he retired from football and moved back to Seattle with his wife and two daughters.
With the same energy he had devoted to football, he started three multi-million dollar businesses, guided by several old college friends who had stayed in Seattle. He said, “Mentorship from existing business guys in the Seattle community helped guide the way. My major in college was Political Science which was not much help, but I was able to ask, ‘Hey, am I doing it this way or that way.’ I kind of bounced around from people to people until I found my way, they were the guiding light.” His three businesses are a venture capital named Front Porch Classics, a marketing firm called Pattison Group and a tech company called Maven which will soon go public and owns Sports Illustrated where Mark is an executive. Those businesses took him to Los Angeles where he was living when, about ten years ago, he broke up with his wife of 24 years, the mother of his two daughters, and his father died. He said, “It was a very lonely existence. After a couple years of walking around the block, and just asking myself ‘how did I get here?’ one day I decided I needed to change my whole mindset and get unstuck. Since I stopped playing football, I never really stopped working out. Growing up in the Northwest, I climbed literally hundreds of times up in the mountains, various peaks like Mount Rainier, and most of the major mountains in the Northwest. I started to think about climbing. I had always been intrigued by the guys who had come before me, those that had been on Everest and some of these other crazy mountains. I did some research and I came up with the fact that no NFL player had ever climbed the Seven Summits. So, I said, ‘I’m going to be that guy.’ It really helped me get out of my fog.” As part of his climb out of the fog Pattison moved to Sun Valley, and the rest is history. Mark and his ex-wife Rene have two daughters, Claudette, who is 25, and Emilia who is 23. Emilia has epilepsy and Mark has written “….her journey to overcome epilepsy and live her life to the fullest has been 10 times harder than anything I have ever done.” A friendship with Ketchum’s Gary Vinagre, who is deeply involved with Higher Ground, led Mark to partner with Higher Ground to raise $56,972 (the combined height of Mt. Everest and Lhotse) to build awareness about epilepsy. He said, “In early 2020, we raised over $29,029 (the summit of Mt. EVEREST) to build awareness for the National Epilepsy Foundation so they can find cures to this disorder that for many, seem insurmountable.” Higher Ground and Mark Pattison are still raising money for and awareness of epilepsy and much more. The reader can follow Mark at https://www.markpattisonnfl.com

WARREN HARDING

WARREN HARDING (June 18, 1924—February 27, 2002)

It had been nearly ten years since I’d seen him and the decade showed in his face and body and the way he moved. After all, it was the early 1990s and he was nearly 70 years old, alcoholic and with more difficult miles and adventures in that body than you could find in a climber’s library of hard-core adventure books. Some of his more hedonistic, non-climbing adventures wouldn’t make it into the American Alpine Club Library, of course, but Warren Harding lived for the experience, enjoyment and the adventure of the moment, not the solemnity of the library or the approval of the librarians. Still, he was among the greatest of American climbers and no matter what his intentions in the matter he is in all the climbing libraries, an irony neither lost on nor without relish for he whose wit and perspicacity were acute, even legendary.
I was climbing around Moab and there were rumors that Harding had moved from California to town but I couldn’t confirm them. But he heard I was around and came looking for me and left a phone number at the climbing store and a friend of a friend got the number to me and the next morning I phoned and soon found myself at the kitchen table of an unremarkable suburban Moab house in the company of Warren and his companion Alice Flomp. It never became clear to me why they had forsaken their beloved California for Moab, Utah, but in any case their sojourn in the desert didn’t last long. Perhaps a new start in life? Despite the decade’s wear and the distended belly on the shrinking frame of a hard drinking man nearing 70, he was easily recognizable. No one looked like Warren Harding. It was me who was tough for Warren to recognize. In the years since we’d last tipped wine glasses together I’d shorn a 13 year growth of beard and hair and retired from the drinking/drugging life and even had a full-time job half the year, though that would last only another half a year.
“Dick, you look like a fucking insurance salesman,” he commented.
“Warren, you look like an old, broken down climber,” I replied.
With those observations of the passage of time and its consequent changes duly noted, we picked up where we had left off without a missed beat. Warren missed very little and though he once famously wrote that he “….didn’t give a rat’s ass,” he did, though not enough to give his integrity to it.
Alice, twice Warren’s size on the horizontal plane, doted on him in a charming manner and the three of us sat at their table talking for a couple of hours, Alice and Warren sipping watered down white wine, me sipping watered down water. It was a delightful morning of conversation. We talked about mutual friends, climbing (of course), living in the desert, a not particularly difficult but thoroughly enjoyable snow climb we once did in winter up Castle Peak above Donner Summit, writing, writers, the vagaries of life, the follies of men and the pretentious pomposities of a select few of the self-important ones. As I had remembered, Warren’s humor, insight, wit and fierce independence of thought was more fun and enlightening than the more rigid and predictable views of some of his fundamentalist critics. True, a conversation with Warren, especially when the wine flowed, which was often, could be as unorthodox and unpredictable as the slide show/lecture on Yosemite big wall climbing he once gave at The Passage Bar and Restaurant in Truckee. He had put the slides together hurriedly and had not rehearsed his talk. It was a raucous full house that gathered in the Passage that early 1980s night and by the time Warren was ready to perform both audience and lecturer were primed, so to speak. The lights dimmed, the audience quieted, the first slide appeared on the screen, appropriately enough a beautiful shot of El Capitan, the Nose in profile. But the vertical slide had been inserted in the carousel horizontally and El Cap was lying on its side. “Whoops,” said Warren, “you’ll have to tilt your head to the side and you can see just as well.” Both Warren and the entire audience laughed, tilted their heads to the side while he led them through the first ascent of El Cap and more, much of it out of sequence. Many of the slides were shown backwards and others horizontal when they should have been vertical and vice-versa. His stories and photos jumped from climb to climb and era to era and back again with a seamless improvisational narrative that could only be pulled off by a master story-teller with a farcical bent. And, the thing was, in the end, after sufficient laughter, hooting, sidetracks and non sequiturs the audience had learned as much about Yosemite big wall climbing and climbers, the motivations that impelled them and the values they truly lived by as they would have gleaned from more traditional and stern accounts of the same climbs. But Harding’s audiences had a lot more fun and had to do a lot more thinking, though their necks and heads might be a bit stiff in the morning. That’s something of how a conversation at a kitchen table over watered down wine and watered down water could be with Warren Harding, and for the first couple of hours I thoroughly enjoyed it. But then the wine drowned the water and Warren began to repeat himself and lose track and not make even farcical sense any longer, and, you know, there’s nothing worse for an ex-drinker than trying to talk with an old drinking buddy who’s rounded the corner (usually around the third or fourth glass of wine) to irrelevant repetition and the meandering sidetrack of indefinite certainty, indecipherable allusions and elliptical elocution, especially when the ex-drinker is aware of the vast karmic debt of indecipherable allusions and elliptical elocution he does not remember but somehow knows he has incurred. Fortunately, Warren was generous of heart and not mean-spirited and often funny as hell even in the bag. I liked him very much and wanted to spend more time with the Warren of the first part of the day.
“Say,” I interrupted him in mid-sentence, “why don’t we go climbing?”
He stopped speaking and regarded me with a wild-ass look that was half incomprehension and half meeting a challenge. “No, no, I couldn’t do that. I don’t climb any more,” he said, his eyes drifting away from mine.
“Sure you could,” I insisted with a smile. “I know a spot right on the road where we can set up a top rope and the climbs are not hard and we’ll have a great time. We can do a few laps and have a workout. You’ll love it.”
“No no no, I’m doing good to climb out of bed in the morning,” he said, but I could see his interest was aroused.
Alice saw it too. “Warren, you should go climbing with Dick,” she encouraged. “That‘s a great idea. Yes, Warren, go climbing.”
“Wellll-l-l-l-l-llllll……….”
An hour later we were at the School Room of Wall Street along the Colorado River, after a full 20 foot approach from my car parked just off Potash Road a few miles north of town. I set up top ropes on two routes in the 5.7—5.8 range. Warren had resurrected from his basement a ratty old harness and a tired looking pair of climbing shoes and he tied in and leapt upon the lovely sandstone of Utah with an impressive if initially shaky fervor. He struggled on the first lap and when he got down he wanted a break and a drink of water, which he got. He belayed me and then he took another lap on the same route and the improvement was notable. He began to move with the practiced if rusty grace of a battered 70 year old body that has spent its life climbing rock. As the memory of physical movement returned to a sobering brain, a different Warren Harding gradually emerged on the stone. The soul of the soul of the golden age of Yosemite big wall climbing of the 50s and 60s appeared with the merriment of having broken free from the concrete prison of time’s passage. It is hard to explain in words, though understandable without words to any climber, but the act of climbing transformed the man, a process that was obvious to the attentive observer. By the time he came down from the second lap Warren’s famous satanic visage was radiant. Warren Harding was a happy man.
“That was really fun,” he said. After a rest and some water we climbed some more. Over the next couple of hours we each did three or four laps on the top ropes. The first time he tried the 5.8 moves Warren fell off and hung a few times before getting up the route. The last time he went up he climbed the entire route without a slip, a hesitation or any observable undue strain or effort. He had the demeanor of just what he was, but definitely not so old or broken down as he had been a few hours earlier. After, as we pulled and coiled the ropes and packed up our gear he told me that it had been an “inspiring” afternoon and that he was going to start hiking and get back in shape. He was fired up at the prospect and I believed him and told him of some of the hikes I knew around Moab, like Negro Bill Canyon which I particularly liked. He commented that if he started hiking some he should be able to do some easy climbing around the area. I told him there were undoubtedly some local climbers who would be happy to show him around and do some climbing with him. All he had to do was go to the local climbing store and let it be known that he wanted to climb. We talked about getting together to climb the 5.6 route on South Six Shooter Peak in Indian Creek, an hour south of Moab. I told him that if he got himself in shape I’d love to drive over from Aspen where I was living at the time and do that climb with him. He said he was going to do just that, but in the way of old friends whose lives are on different trajectories, I never saw Warren again after that day. We spoke by phone a few times over those years but I don’t know that he hiked himself back into shape or ever climbed again. I hope he did.
When I drove Warren back to his house in Moab he was calm, even contemplative (he was also probably really fatigued), and I had the thought that he was a man who had been dragged out of retirement for an afternoon to do the work that he was meant to do, the work that defined his life and was in many ways the best part of that life, the work that gave him the deepest satisfaction and best insight into himself. Alice was happy to see him and Warren to see her, and my last view and memory of Warren Harding is that of a complex man who had beaten back his demons for an afternoon by nothing more complicated than battering them against a slab of sandstone above the Colorado River by Potash Road. He was calm, content and happy the last time I saw him.
I don’t know that Warren Harding could be described as ‘serene,’ but he definitely had a streak of the Tao running through his heart and mind.
Fill your bowl to the brim and it will spill. Keep sharpening your knife and it will blunt. Chase after money and security and your heart will never unclench. Care about people’s approval and you will be their prisoner. Do your work, then step back. The only path to serenity.
Tao-te-ching

NATURE, NURTURE AND NEUROPLASTICITY

Neuroplasticity is a term describing the science/process/study of transforming the mind by changing the brain. That is, training and experience affects the very structure and functions of the brain in the same way that physical exercise and diet affects the structure and functions of the body. Scientists have discovered that the human brain has the ability to change its very structure and function. This can be accomplished by expanding or strengthening circuits in the brain that are often used and by shrinking or weakening those less often engaged. The science of neuroplasticity has amply documented how physical experience and input from the outside world change the workings of the brain. One report says, “In pianists who play many arpeggios, for instance, brain regions that control the index finger and middle finger become fused, apparently because when one finger hits a key in one of these fast-tempo movements, the other does so almost simultaneously, fooling the brain into thinking the two fingers are one. As a result of the fused brain regions, the pianist can no longer move those fingers independently of one another.”
That sounds right. We see occurrences of similar brain fusions all the time. For instance, people who get most of their information and news about the world through one source (say, the fair and balanced reportage of Fox News or a fundamentalist religious orthodoxy) instead of a variety of sources have clearly fused different regions of their brains, believe that what they are told about the world and the world as it is are the same thing and that reality and virtual reality are one. Such fusion may be useful and efficient for piano players, couch potatoes and true believers, but is neither safe nor sane for people for whom arpeggios, virtual reality and zealotry are not the first order of life.
The brain is often described as a computer. This description has a limited value, as the brain is a living organism rather than a machine, and it is constantly in the process of organic (sic) activity and transformation, much like the heart, liver, kidneys and lungs. Nature gives us each a brain. How life nurtures that brain is a mixed bag; some of it we control; much of it we do not, beginning with the events and people and experiences of childhood. Neuroplasticity is the study of the ways in which experience changes the brain’s structure and functions, and, therefore, how it processes information and directs the action of what we call the mind. This scientific discipline is in its infancy, and, as with all good science, it is the process of questioning as much as the stasis of certainty that nurtures the mind. Evan Thompson, Ph.D., Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Science and the Embodied Mind at Toronto’s York University, writes: “On the one hand, the assumption that mental processes are brain processes both regulates (or guides) scientific research and constitutes the overall scientific view of the mind. On the other hand, there is still no adequate explanation of how brain activity gives rise to consciousness and of what causal role consciousness may play in the brain’s workings.”
And those studying neuroplasticity (Neuroplasticians?) are beginning to delve into the brain that changes in response to internal, mental signals, not just physical experience and input from the outside world. Dr. Richard J. Davidson, Professor of Psychology and Psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has conducted experiments that suggest mental training can bring the brain to a greater level of consciousness.
And at some level of consciousness (sic), we know this is true. Professor Davidson is the first, so far as I know, to scientifically research, document, and to theorize about the potential of changing the way the human mind works by intentionally altering the structure and function of the brain. Davidson has written, “Our emotional reactions to events and our daily mood form the basis of our personality and color virtually all our behavior. Adult personality is traditionally regarded as relatively fixed and immutable.”
One of Davidson’s more interesting, intriguing and perhaps illuminating experiments involved what is called functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans of Tibetan Buddhist monks. The scans compared the brain activity of novice Buddhist monks with those of Buddhist monks who had meditated some 10,000 hours, all of them practicing “compassion” meditation, generating feeling of loving kindness toward all beings. The scans showed a striking difference between the two groups. The experienced monks showed a dramatic increase in high frequency brain activity called gamma waves during meditation. Novices showed a slight increase in gamma activity. Gamma waves are thought to indicate “neuronal activity that knits together far flung brain circuits,” underlying higher mental activities like consciousness. Davidson says, “…the fact that the monks with the most hours of meditation showed the greatest brain changes gives us confidence that the changes are actually produced by mental training.”
Davidson’s study with Buddhist monks suggests that the brain, just like the body, with the right effort and intention can be deliberately molded, just as weight lifting or aerobics sculpt muscles. If so, then the age old dream of peace on earth and good will toward men is within the realm of every person with a brain.
Such effort and intention begins with each individual person, that is, you and me.

COYOTE SONG

You may say that I’m not free,
But it don’t worry me.
—Keith Carradine

The highway between Wilson and Jackson crosses the Snake River about a mile outside Wilson over a concrete-asphalt-metal bridge of uninspired though functional design. Past the river, the road continues for a half-mile before entering a long right turn leading to a quarter-mile straightaway and turns left into another straightaway. That is the only section of the Wilson-Jackson highway we are concerned with here.
The road itself is not special. Just a ten-mile stretch of classic two-lane black-top connecting two western American towns. The only thing unusual and unique about this particular slice of highway is the contradictory unusualness and uniqueness common to any piece of the road we are all traveling. This is the fact observable to the patient and interested that he who pursues the road, no matter how sporadically, will, like every gypsy who ever used unspeakable cruelty to teach a bear to dance, someday find himself once again on the same stretch of road during one or another of his swings away from his own ever changing, unvarying nature.
Wilson is little more than a road stop at the bottom of the eastern side of Teton Pass, and that’s the way locals like it. Wilson is the site of the Stagecoach Bar, the one saloon in the Jackson area that is common ground for all the diverse social elements living there—cowboys, ski bums, hippies, climbers, tourists, musicians, horny housewives, college students on vacation or leave, construction workers, restaurant workers, fat cats, lodge owners, condominium salesmen, fishing guides and anyone else in the vicinity hankerin’ for a sandwich, some company, a bunch of beers, a pool game, good music, and, maybe, a lay. On Sunday afternoon the Stagecoach jumps. Jumps, hops, skips, rocks, rolls, howls, runs, back-flips and spread eagles. All good local musicians and any passing through gather there to jam. Sunday afternoon in Wilson can get pretty raucous; but because of the local laws, inspired by quasi-religious sentiment, the bars close at 8 p. on Sunday. Around 7:30 there is a run on six-packs at the Stagecoach, and by 8:30 there are empty beer cans all over the parking lot, the highway and alongside every road leading out of town.
That’s Wilson.
Jackson has its charms, but all in all it’s about the worst tourist trap in western America. During summer, Jackson is wall to wall people, bumper to bumper traffic, asshole to eyelid hustle, junk stores, mosquitoes and all the lost energy of displaced Americans desperately seeking their own misspent history and heritage in the noon and 5 p.m. fake gunfight held daily in the town square. The entrance to each of the four corners of the square is through an enormous arch made from the antlers of elk, a large noble animal indigenous to the area. Indeed, the elk is indispensable to the local economy which thrives on the trade of the great white hunter in the autumn in much the same manner as it survives on the dreaded white tourist in the summer. Most conscientious wanderers pausing in Jackson overnight or a little longer will somehow drift into the Million-Dollar Cowboy Bar. At one time only the bold, the blind, the unwise or the saintly long-hair would have dared venture into the then aptly named saloon. But times change, and, in one of the ironic moves of the karmic wheel, the cowboys lost their territory for a change. Not lost but came to share. And what better way to work out all the old bullshit than by sharing—both the bullshit and the bar.
That’s Jackson.
The Snake River drains out of the mountains of Wyoming into Idaho and Oregon and on to Washington where it joins the mighty Columbia, which eventually flows home to the ocean. Some people speak of an ocean of love from which life comes and to which it must return. And because of all this idle talk down the years, it often crosses my mind as I cross over, bathe in, look upon and drink from the fine Snake River that, if that’s how it works, then that which begins in love, must, inevitably, end in love. And it is simple to make the next step of seeing the true beginnings of things in how they end. That’s called hindsight, but I don’t hear so much about the importance of beginnings. It is the state of mind that comes before the aim that comes before the arrow is launched toward the target. The river of peace; the ocean of love; and there is even a man who is said to have walked on the water. Who knows? He may have walked on the Snake.
Concrete, asphalt and metal are materials used by the human animal to subjugate, dominate and violate the nature that gave him birth and so far continues to sustain him. The human critter can be exceedingly ungrateful.
The bridge across the Snake is a tool of convenience. From one aspect it’s a piece of shit, but it serves a function by allowing people and their vehicles to shuttle back and forth across the river without getting wet. Some people and most vehicles do not take well to getting wet; though coyote shuns the bridge. In 100 years the bridge won’t be there, but the Snake will. There may be another bridge over the same river and different men to cross it; but I cannot repress my curiosity about the state of those men’s mind, 100 years from now.
Uninspired is the state of life of the coward who would rather live with an unacceptable comfortable situation than throw it all over for a chance at joy.
Functional to an engineer or a soldier or a politician or an insurance salesman may mean something very different from what it means to, for instance, a coyote. What is functional to each person says more about the person than about function, and it is an interesting word to throw into a conversation with someone you wish to check out. The bridge does serve a function in the material world.
Construction. Well, shit, boys and girls, we still haven’t figured out how the Pyramids were built, much less why. If modern technology can’t answer that one, it puts, at the least, what man calls “construction” in a perspective that cannot help but make the honest scientific mind…pause.
Once past the bridge, the road goes straight toward a turn. Just before the turn a small farmhouse on a hill can be observed out the left window. Right ahead is a field where the farmer grows hay, and the road bends around a field. It is, perhaps, half a mile long and a quarter mile wide; and every time I’ve seen the field it has been as groomed and well kept as those beautiful women in international airports who melt your heart and fry your brain, and, when you’re graced, sustain your spirit during those long, alone trips around the planet…trips which find you trapped in strange cities between flights to other, even stranger places where you know you will not tarry long, just as you know it is part of the weaving of the eternal tapestry that you must visit there from time to time. And that’s why there is a turn at the end of the straight section.
If you had been in the Stagecoach for ten hours, playing pool and drinking beer without eating sandwiches or getting laid; and if you had ingested ten reds and, possibly, snorted holes in your septum with the magic anesthetic white dust; and maybe if there were some other lethal frustration in your life…like ten years (or ten minutes) living with a mate no longer wanted; or a job so boring that it turns the honey of the spirit to carbolic acid, or, at the very, very minimum, a good old-fashioned scrotum-to-brain burn by the all-time honest-to-God, truer-‘n-shit wonderful unbelievable down to the center of the earth higher than the cosmos perfect love of your life…then, with such a frustration or physical or psychic handicap bubbling away in your brain and being, clouding judgment with visions of devils and demons and never-ending red lights in the rear view mirror, you might miss the turn and go blazing across the good farmer’s field. If you did that, and if your vehicle and everything in it survived, which is not impossible, and if you kept going with a slight lean to the left and did not hit any hay bales or coyotes or holes, you would cross the field and run through some willows on the other side from which you would emerge to crash through a hand water pump and continue up a driveway to a small cabin nestled right up against a small forest of aspens.
I once spent the better part of a summer in that cabin.
To reach the cabin by staying on the road it is necessary to negotiate the right turn, continue up the straightway, hold on through the left turn, continue 100 yards, and turn back left onto a dirt road just off the highway. The hoop gate on a barbed wire fence must be opened before driving through and closed after; and there are three such gates before the cabin is reached, each to be opened and closed, both coming and going. The road goes along the edge of the shimmering, murmuring aspens, mostly within the shade of the fine summer leaves; and the road must be driven with as much care as is cared for the vehicle driven. Very often Hawks, ground squirrels and coyotes are seen along this road.
The one-story cabin is a beauty for people who do not mind a 100-foot walk to the pump for water, or, in the other direction, to the two-hole shitter; or cooking over a wonderful old cast iron wood burning stove; and cutting wood for that stove; and doing without electricity. It was built of wood by some less than mediocre craftsmen and has a large rock fireplace in the middle of its one room. That summer there was a wooden table and four matching chairs and a dresser and two double beds, which we never used, preferring to sleep outside under clear Wyoming skies or in the bus with all the doors open, listening to the nightly coyote serenade.
I was cruising for a time with a peroxide lady and a child who were both close and distant. On clear days I climbed the variable rock of the Tetons. Stormy days were spent writing at the cabin or in the peaceful Jackson library where there were not only free coffee and comfortable chairs and a big table to write upon, but the quiet of all the sad, lost souls seeking freedom from both sides of every page of every book of every shelf on very aisle of all the libraries man has ever built and burnt and sanctified and censored throughout a history he but dimly remembers…for if he remembered and understood he would not be condemned to the prison of repetition, and the seeking of a freedom that stands, like naked, beautiful, beckoning innocence across the ocean of love, the river of peace, the stream of understanding and the trickle of attempt.
A few days were spent in the front yard with heads full of acid, watching our neighbor tend his fields. One particular day sticks in memory. We were sitting on the ground with our friend the German woman of fine intelligence and heart. She talked too much and pushed too hard and was never sure about living in unending sorrow over some unacceptable personal tragedy that was talked around but never about, and thus could not be plowed under to fertilize happiness; and the tears she shed inside flooded the world, drowning all not contained within the ark of her mind.
The two interweaving currents of our energies revolved around reading Ecclesiastes aloud to each other and watching the good farmer work his fields the entire day in the sun. The two were, of course, the whole; and holding them together in our minds was, at the same time, the most serious endeavor; the most hilarious pastime; the most arduous undertaking; the easiest frivolity; grinding work; and the most fun any of us had ever had. The high awareness that it is “all emptiness and chasing the wind” laid us out in hysterical laughter, clapping each other on the thighs and backs and repeating over and over, “all emptiness and chasing the wind.” And out of that day and line we were finally able to name a route we had climbed on Mt. Mitchell in the Wind River Mountains a few weeks before. It was a hard, beautiful route on perfect rock that we started right after breakfast and which saw us return to camp at midnight. It is one of my favorite climbs. We named it Ecclesiastes, in honor of the joy of the empty chase.
The farmer worked his field in a circular manner, starting from the perimeter and advancing inward, in just the opposite direction of harvesting crops of karma. He was cutting hay that day, sitting beneath the sunshade atop his roaring machine, and a circuit of the field took about 15 minutes. He was a big man wearing a blue Levi shirt and a straw hat. I never spoke with him, but for perhaps 20 seconds of each tour of the field we could hear him, above the road of the machine, singing at the top of his lungs. There was, in the strength of persistence of his voice, a daylight counterpoint to the nighttime coyote song. His deep baritone was filled with joy and revelry which came, we could only assume, from his work. He sang Italian opera; and, though we only picked up on his serenade for a few seconds of each cycle, it was consistent and it is fair to assume he sang the whole day long. And we were there from tea and capsule breakfast until sundown.
Or maybe the man was putting on a show for us…the neighbors who never, ever communicated or worked or did anything that he could see…and it is possible that he only sang during the part of his cycle which came within our realm. But that is a cynicism I recognize and cannot accept. I never felt he cared a politician’s word of honor whether we watched him or not, but I was aware he knew we were watching; and in a sense that cannot be written about because I wasn’t on his side of the page, he was as much a spectator as we…watching a boy and a longhair beard and a blonde and a shapely brunette sitting in front of the cabin across the way…apparently doing absolutely nothing the entire day long. He worked his fields with a thoroughness we could not envy because envy gets you hard every time; but we did not refrain from admiring and wondering about it. While I will never know what was going on in the farmer’s mind, I still would not like to live in a world without wonder; and there was no emptiness in his barn. If there is a wind to chase, the farmer made an inward circular pattern out of his pursuit.

If you witness in some province the oppression of the poor and the denial of right and justice, do not be surprised at what goes on, for every official has a higher one set over him, and the highest keeps watch over them all. The best thing for a country is a king whose own lands are well tilled.

We read those thoughtful words while watching a careful, conscientious farmer at work upon his land; and our particular vision allowed us to see that there are many kinds of fields to till, and we were learning how much work, and fun, it is. The sun will rise and set again and the earth will abide; but whether or not human life on earth survives, there’s no excuse for making the living of it cruel, harsh or unreasonable. Probably we made a mistake not to invite our industrious neighbor to join us.
But the only thing unforgivable about mistakes lies in the ones that are continued and in the song repetition blares forth about the inability or refusal of its singer to learn, for once we truly learn we move on and that’s called evolution; and then the circle is not endless but only functional. Sounds in the form of words flowed from the blonde, the brunette, the bearded and the boy as easily as water in a mountain stream, though there were droughts that must have their place in nature but certainly put you through your paces and don’t help at all in dealing with the lurking paranoia that must be fought at every step; and, as the killer of trust, is the most vicious of enemies, more dangerous than a shark or polar bear or cobra that can kill only your body since they carry no malice. The dry spells usually happened while the farmer was at the apogee of his orbit of contact with us, for the sound of his singing voice brought us laughter from his pleasure, faith in the feeling that someone in the neighborhood had their shit together; and then there would come the sound of our own voices talking about the farmer and ourselves and what we all might possibly be doing, should be doing, could be doing and damn well will be doing, and, actually were doing. It was fun to hear him singing.

Who is wise enough for all this? Who knows the meaning of anything? Wisdom lights up a man’s face, but grim looks make a man hated. Do as the King commands you, and if you have to swear by God, do not be precipitate.

I remember the sadness, humor, terror and beauty of assurance striking home; assurance that the farmer would keep on working his fields in the pattern he had chosen beneath the sun that would continue to rise and set upon the…if you can believe Ecclesiastes…eternal earth; assurance that we would accept our destinies and take what we would from them according to how hard we enforced our own will and fought for what we wanted; assurance that the particular pattern by which each of us expressed the love within was not so important as the intensity of that love; assurance that there is not understanding without mystery; and assurance that no matter how much intelligence we use and how hard we try there is an element outside ourselves that the irreligious call “luck” that will cover mistakes or destroy creations according to laws we don’t comprehend except that finished work on one particular pattern moves us into a different standard that is only another segment of a much larger pattern seen only through the eyes of the Buddha nature in its entirety , unless we drop a stitch along the way and have to do the whole thing over again, which brings on the assurance that all is contained within the mind and that both everything and nothing is ours. It’s a strange, wonderful…ah, balanced, universe, for even if it is all emptiness, there is fullness in the chase; and if that’s all we got we might as well make fun out of it instead of some of the other things we might make.

I know that there is nothing good for man except to be happy and live the best life he can while he is alive. Moreover, that a man should eat and drink and enjoy himself, in return for all his labours, is a gift of God; I know that whatever God does lasts forever; to add to it or subtract from it is impossible. And he had done it all in such a way that man must feel awe in his presence. Whatever is has been already, and whatever is to come has been already, and God summons each event back in its turn. Moreover I saw here under the sun that, where justice ought to be, there was wickedness, and where righteousness ought to be, there was wickedness. I said to myself, “God will judge the just man and the wicked equally; every activity and every purpose has its proper time.” I said to myself, “In dealing with men it is God’s purpose to test them and to see what they truly are. For man is a creature of chance and the beasts are creatures of chance, and one mischance awaits them all: death comes to both alike. They all draw the same breath. Men have no advantage over beasts; for everything is emptiness. All go to the same place: all come from the dust, and to the dust all return. Who knows whether the spirit of man goes upward or whether the spirit of beast goes downward to the earth?” So I saw that there is nothing better than that a man should enjoy his work, since that is his lot. For who can bring him through to see what will happen next?

Accordingly, before bedding down that night under summer sky, we made ourselves a feast worthy of kings and queens and princes and laborers; and we washed it down with a couple of bottles of good wine, though not so much as we had and would again consume in the evenings of less hard-working days when unstoned heads drifted into more illusory perspectives of reality that the slight to gross wine OD makes real, or, at least, bearable.
That night and every other night we ever slept at the cabin the coyotes serenaded us with their wondrous song from the center of the universe. I love coyote’s song. I miss it when my life takes me away from coyote life, when coyote sings me to sleep on the bed of Mother Earth. Coyote, as every Indian and all spiritual gypsies of the cosmos know, is hunter, trickster, teacher, fool, creator, protector and wife stealer; or, as poet Barry Gifford (Coyote Tantras) writes, “Coyote drifts in and out, a searcher, a wastrel, supersensitive vagabond of the universe; never settled; always moving; dropping in here and there along the way. Coyote is no idealist; but he never gives up. What is most important is that he is alive; and whatever shred of nobility he wears rests in his awareness of that life. Never aimless, always grinning; forever looking, always lost; ever lonely, never making excuses; Coyote speaks for none but himself.” Coyote sings for himself in the night, but he sings for us too; and in the bus or on the ground in the warm down bags that would not be zipped together too much longer past that long ago Wyoming summer, we listened—carefully to his songs of cold, lonely space travel and the distances between galaxies and the warmth and humor and wisdom of the chase, the hunt, the song itself and of the teachings you can pick up from coyote or the songs of the humpbacked whale or the flight and swoop of the hawk or the shy grace of the deer or the brute wild strength of the moose that tell you way down there in the central nerves of the solar plexus to be very, very careful of men who only understand nature through such manmade abstractions as politics, religion, war and power and have not spent enough time in relationship to the true, eternal nature that, in functional fact, sustains and gives life to them and their abstractions and to the coyotes and trees and bears and birds and bees and elk and wolves and marmots and flowers and fish and rivers and oceans and all the other interacting forms of life on planet earth that men like that are so unconscious of.
One early morning I woke from the restless sleep that is the lot of the wanderer who has been too long in the same place but isn’t moving on just yet. We were sleeping in the bus with the back open, and the sun had just hit the farmer’s field. It was early morning chilly, but a hot day was coming. Something nagged at my sleep-filled consciousness. And then it came again a solitary, soulful, painful and sick coyote call from very close by. I came instantly awake, for something was deeply and terribly wrong with that call. It was not a howl of the proud loneliness and joy and interstellar communication found in the normal coyote song. It was a yell of such pathos and pain and nearness that I became both afraid and angry in the same rush of clear feeling; afraid for the animal itself and afraid, since he undoubtedly was one of the coyotes who had serenaded us in the night for several weeks and who we had seen on many occasions, for a friend. And also afraid of what a pain-crazed critter might do; and angry because I could only think of two things that could put a coyote in that sort of pain poison and traps both from the murderous hand of man, and, as a man, angry at that cruel, uncaring potential within myself.
Motherfucker, I said to myself. Motherfuckers. Sonsabitches. Bastards. Killers. What’s wrong with that poor fucker? The woman and the boy, masters of more sedentary souls than mine, were deeply asleep. I crawled out of the bag, quickly dressed, picked up the axe we used for splitting wood, and cautiously went down to the willows at the edge of the farmer’s field. I hunkered down and crept through the willows until I could see the field, full, by that stage of the growing cycle, of hundreds of bales of hay waiting to be picked up. There I saw the damndest thing.
Dragging himself up the field from the south was the most pitiful, wretched coyote ever seen on planet Earth. He was pulling himself along mostly with the power of his forepaws. His ass-end sort of clawed and dragged itself along behind; and the two halves of his body seemed to be disjointed, as if his back were broken or some carbolic poison and pain were wrenching the poor creature’s innards in indescribable agony. He passed maybe 50 feet in front of me, too intent on his own destiny to notice me, which, of course, is the fool aspect of coyote. Every so often he would crawl upon a bale of hay, raise his muzzle to the sky, and give out that terrible, caricatured howl that had awakened me. I watched, fascinated by the scenario and by some inner resource operating in that sad beast, who, I could not forget, was coyote, pre-historic animal of myth and fable and story, and, to the Indian, who knows this land better than the white late-comers, creation Coyote, the trickster Coyote, Panama Red of the most ancient hipster. Just as this coyote was finishing his call of affliction from atop a bale directly in front of me, the farmer’s dogs, two big hounds of indiscriminate heritage, went berserk with awareness of their cousin’s plight. I could see them running in circles, jumping in the air and raising dust in the farmer’s front yard. Their barks were ecstatic and out of control, but it was evident they weren’t leaving their master’s front yard.
Coyote flopped off the bale and continued his wearisome journey north through the field. I had decided by then it must be poison because I could see he hadn’t been hurt in a trap and his back looked intact. My curiosity wouldn’t allow me to quit my seat at this show. But I was pissed. There are certain sorts of shitheads (I use that word literally) on earth who set poison out for coyote, not caring about coyote, rabbit, fox, mouse, hawk, ground squirrel, groundhog, bear, eagle, porcupine, skunk and even domestic dog who, thereby, leave this life in agony and bewilderment, wondering what evil unnatural fate has come over them. Cocksuckers. May they eat some of their own poison and see how it feels, if they got any feeling left. No! No! Richard, that’s not the way either. You can’t answer for another man’s actions, intentions or karma. You got your own to take care of. But you can, by rights and necessity and duty and fun, say what you think and express what you feel; and setting poison out for coyotes and his friends is not the way and will buy the man who does it some unholy dues; but that’s not the point somehow, surely not to the animal with a gut full of crippling pain and a spirit full of a cruel gift from brother man. I felt terrible about that coyote; and not hate but disgust for the pitiful excuse for a human being who had done it to him. Teacher/trickster coyote dying so ignominiously was patently unacceptable; for how could he teach or trick or find nobility in his own awareness of life with a belly full of pain?
A few yards up the field he dragged himself again atop a bale and repeated his cry of agony, muzzle to the sky. The hounds were in a frenzy. By then the farmer was out in his yard, loading gas and water and tools in his pickup, which prior observation had taught me he would next drive down to the field to begin his day’s work, that day involving the loader sitting idly at the southern end of the field. Sometimes the dogs accompanied him, and my feelings were mixed about the possibilities. My attention was divided between watching coyote finish his sad song and nearly fall off the bale before continuing to drag himself up the field, and watching the farmer call his dogs into the back of his truck and drive down to the field.
Shit, the dogs are going to kill the coyote, I said to myself. I didn’t like that. I also didn’t like the coyote’s suffering. I was stuck upon my own dislikes until, as the pickup approached the loader, I realized what I really disliked was that these dogs would never mess with a healthy coyote. All they were doing was letting out the bully that always grows from the indignity of being a domestic animal. Fucking cowards! Buzzards! Scum! Vocabulary, as usual, falls short of feeling, but no way was I going to relinquish my spectator’s seat at whatever this play was going to be; besides, I was both spectator and participant, like every man. The farmer stopped next to the loader, and I was struck by his unconcern about the two frenetic, howling hounds. The dogs leapt from the truck in a full sprint north. The farmer never even turned to watch.
I, on the contrary, swung my vision to what I was sure was going to be an ugly battle to the coyote’s death; and the next few seconds seemed like a couple of hours, for everything slowed down as the flow of life tends to do when attention is complete.

There is an evil that I have observed here under the sun, an error for which a ruler is responsible: the fool given high office, but the great and rich in humble posts. I have seen slaves on horseback and men of high rank going on foot like slaves. The man who digs a pit may fall into it, and he who pulls down a wall may be bitten by a snake. The man who quarries stones may strain himself, and the wood-cutter runs a risk of injury. When the axe is blunt and has not first been sharpened, then one must use more force; the wise man has a better chance of success. If a snake bites before it is charmed, the snake-charmer loses his fee.

As I turned my attention north, I was aware of the Grand Teton (the great tit of the great Mother Earth) overlooking all. I saw the coyote increase the rate of its struggles and thrash about between the bales as if seeking shelter among them. The hounds closed the distance as fast as they could run, howling the whole time, the thrill of the kill driving them dog crazy. Suddenly, not 50 feet from the coyote, I saw a second coyote crouched down behind a bale; and even from my perspective I could see the grin upon his face and the life within his eyes. He waited until the hounds were about 70 to 80 feet from his partner before he broke cover. At that instant the crippled coyote, like Lazarus springing from the grave, blossomed into full-statures coyote and turned on the hounds. One of the grand sights of my life was seeing a couple of full-grown mongrel hounds exchanging ass-holes for noses while involved in a full stride known only to the heat of the hunt, and get that stride headed in the opposite direction. One of them tried to back pedal, causing his rear quarters to come underneath, and he wound up skidding on his back; but he came up in a scrambling sprint with the greatest actor I have ever seen right on his ass end with coyote’s own magnificent tail laid flat out behind, floating like a flag of coyote wildness in the wind of the newly directioned chase. The other hound just put on the brakes. He tumbled end over end in a couple of good head-first rolls before he, too, could get back up with his powerful legs moving in the other direction, the hidden coyote of patience right on his ass. Those coyotes chased the two hounds around that field at full speed and the farmer went about his work without paying the slightest attention to the whole spectacle, as if he had seen it 1000 times before; and I laughed aloud with the show and at my new knowledge and at the pattern of education; and I watched the coyotes chase the dogs without catching them around the field and around the field and around the field and around and around and around and around.

LESSONS FROM THE CAVE (The title essay from an unpublished book of essays)

In 1968 I was one of a group of climber friends who drove a 1965 Ford Econoline van from California to Patagonia where we made the 3rd ascent of Fitz Roy, an 11,171 foot high granite, snow-blasted peak. The trip and the route are relatively well known in the climbing world because of the films “Fitz Roy” and “Mountain of Storms,” the book “Climbing Fitz Roy 1968” and the subsequent resumes of my mates on the journey, Yvon Chouinard, Doug Tompkins, Lito Tejada-Flores and Chris Jones.
The entire trip took nearly six months, two of them on Fitz Roy. Thirty of those days the five of us lived in two different ice caves on the mountain, each approximately 10’ by 10’ in size. At one point we spent 15 consecutive days living in the highest one. The weather, particularly the infamous Patagonian winds, made movement impossible. Most days we were unable to even leave the cave. It was a life changing trip and significant climb filled with memories and lessons for each of us, many of them from the cave.
For several years after the trip I periodically gave slide show/talks about it and, of course, mentioned without excessively dwelling on the 15 successive days we spent confined to the second cave. After one talk, sometime in the mid-70s, a woman from the audience came up to me and introduced herself as a leader/facilitator of encounter group therapy sessions. She asked if I knew about encounter group therapy. I told her I had heard of but didn’t know much about it. My impression was that people in the group let out their repressed hostilities and agressions and ignored social politeness and correctness to express their truest feelings and thoughts, uninhibited by how those might be taken by others. It was said to be a therapeutic technique of letting it all hang out on whoever was there as well as being on the receiving end of whatever came out of the others. The theory was that such venting produced a healthier psychology.
She replied that my impression was more or less correct. She then said something to the effect that our 15 days in the cave had to have been “the all time encounter group therapy session.” I thought about it a moment and told her, truthfully, that unless my impressions of encounter groups were wrong that wasn’t true. So far as I could remember, there was never an intentionally unkind, hostile, aggressive, demeaning word or encounter between any of us during those 15 days, though there was abundant good-natured, uninhibited ribbing of the smelly fart and body odor variety, especially during the close-quarters, visually/audibly/olfactory disagreeable if personally comforting once a day ‘shit call’ when a hole was dug in the floor of the cave and we took turns relieving ourselves into it. She replied, not unkindly, that she didn’t believe me and that I was either repressing or not remembering the way it was. She seemed sincere, friendly and not engaging in an argumentative encounter and we talked about it for a few minutes before she left. This woman’s genuine if erroneous belief that the five of us could not have spent that much time in such conditions without conflict because that is what humans do and that is how humans are has intrigued me and influenced my subsequent standards of observing my own and others’ interactions. It is one factor that leads me to periodically ruminate on that time in the cave. Encounter group therapy turns out to have been more an exploratory branch of the human potential movement than a root of the tree of human psychological healing, but more than 40 years later that woman’s erroneous certainty about our personal dynamics in the cave has stayed with me.
That humanity’s past, present and, if those are any indication, future are and will be filled with conflict, brutality, and letting incomprehensible hatreds and hostilities hang out on the encountered group of the day—the religious, political, sexual, racial, ideological, economic, geographical OTHER—is not in question. The news of any day is filled with innumerable examples. I am not a psychiatrist, psychologist, therapist, counselor or even advisor, but it seems to me that the same individual dynamics explored in encounter group therapy are similar to larger conflicts between nations, tribes, ideologies and business interests (drug wars and those over who controls oil in the ground are business interests). Conflict and cooperation begin with the individual (though they do not end there), and, as every climber knows, climbing is a great metaphor and schooling for larger arenas of living. The encounter group therapy leader’s contention that five men could not exist together in a small cave for two weeks without conflict is not to be lightly dismissed, and I do not.
Still, five of us—each in our own way opinionated, strong minded, not reluctant to speak up, sometimes abrasive and always right—-existed for two weeks in a cramped, damp, cold snow cave without conflict and with a great deal of camaraderie, good cheer, cooperation, consideration, re-told stories, bad odors and worse jokes. We survived, successfully completed the climb, went on with our individual lives and have remained good friends for nearly 50 years (Doug died in December 2015). I have been involved in and know of many other climbing expeditions in which the personal dynamics of its members, both during and after the expedition, were, to put it mildly, filled with conflict, hostility and demeaning behavior. Some climbers learn and move on from their personal contribution to those dynamics, and some do not, and, as George Santayana said, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Having written about some of my own expeditions I am often reminded that the written word keeps alive the dynamics of the past, as they are intended to do, though not everyone enjoys or is capable of remembering the past. That is, climbers are human and climbing expeditions are microcosms of the human condition.
And there are lessons to be learned from them.
Some of those lessons from the cave on Fitz Roy are worth repeating, writing down and contemplating. None of these ruminations would have occurred if that woman had not appeared after a slide show to offer her assurance that conflict is the natural way of humanity and that encountering it is the path to psychological healing and good health.
Au contraire. I think conflict (which is not the same as disagreement) and good health is antithetical. By the time our little group arrived at the 2nd cave we had spent a few months together in a small van driving the length of South America—sleeping on the ground and in the van, surfing, skiing, cooking and eating and cleaning up, learning the strengths and weakness, follies and genius, social and other skills and their absence, philosophies and prejudices, histories and dreams of ourselves and each other. And, yes, there were a few disagreements which we worked through and, thereby, learned and kept moving on from. The more we learned the better we worked together as a team, a unit, an expedition, an interdependent band of humans on the same path up a mountain. That path included time in the cave which I’ve come to think of as a microcosm of human life on Earth, past, present and, one hopes, future. Despite the opinion of the well intentioned encounter group therapy leader, our cave time was marked by cooperation, encouragement and interdependent care, a good model, it seems to me.
I don’t pretend to speak for my cave mates, but the cave lessons speak to me for both the time in the cave and for the previously mentioned microcosm. We were in the cave together and there was nowhere else to go. Challenges and discomforts were shared equally. When food supplies ran low, rations were distributed equally. Cooperation, companionship and compassion were not so much conscious choices as necessities guided by instinctive intelligence and gratitude for the present moment. With nowhere else to go there is no ‘other’ but only ‘us’, and survival is dependent on equal sharing, cooperation, companionship and compassion. That seems to me a timely and apt metaphor for human life on planet Earth. For those who divide humanity along social/racial/religious/sexual/political/economic ‘us’ versus ‘other’ lines and endlessly blather about building bigger, better walls instead of healthy relationships or who fantasize about colonizing Mars as a survival option, the metaphor is lost.

THE RACE

In the winter of 1970-71 ski photographer Frank Davidson and I embarked on a joint book project featuring his photos of alpine ski racing along with free form words of mine attempting to capture the spirit of each photo. The book, unfortunately, never came to fruition but portions of it were printed in the 2nd edition of POWDER magazine. These words of 50 years ago are not the ones I would write today, but they do contain some of the spirit of the time. Here they are:

EXPRESSION
A man is what he does. He is also
the way it is done. He is the style of
his expression of who he is. He who wears
his colors and symbols for the world
to see, is something more than just
his actions. Every man finds his
own way to say to the world, “Look,
this is me. Look! See! See me,
and I won’t disappoint you.” Some
say it with a smile, others with
a sneer; some with a peace symbol,
others with a sword; some with
an open heart and some with a
closed hand. The style of
the expression is the individual’s
attempt to bring to the surface
from the deepest recesses of his human
soul, the fact that he is more
than how he spent his day.

SPEED
…blue red yellow blue red yellow blue red
and then just the powerful vision of color
and the poles and the white snow and speed, man,
speed. Not velocity—speed. That’s what racing is
all about. You know the course and you have run it many times
in your mind; if you make your body do it as well as
your mind, you will have a good result. You know
how fast you must go to win. The gap that must
be crossed is between your speed
and the other man’s. To cross
that space you focus your being
like an explosion into every
movement, every thought, every beat
of your heart. You must be agile,
but not too loose; strong but not
overpowering; courageous but not
foolishly so; and, most important
your mind must be all there and more—
so quick that no matter how fast the body
reacts, not how rapidly the skis move, it keeps
you slightly ahead, you must always be ahead of
your speed.

AGGRESSION
aggression is the trait which wins
fights, wars, ski races and other
games. It is sometimes confused
with initiative, pluck, courage and
being quite a fellow.

Aggression is part of everybody. It
can be seen in gossip, business,
sports, one upsmanship, government
and almost any human endeavor.
In ski racing, aggression can
be observed by the manner in
which a competitor goes through a
course. It can be seen in
his face at the same time.

No ski races are won without
aggression, and it is a good way
to express it. The world is
happier when aggression is restricted
to between the start and finish gates,
but not every man knows this.

STUDY
Sometimes it helps to
stop and study the course.
More can be learned in
two minutes of hard study
than by fifteen practice
runs, if you are practicing
a mistake.

It is good to stop
at times and study
every course in life.

FAILURE
The difficulty in accepting failure
is that there is nothing else to
be done about it. Failure is
hard because it is personal,
and because it betrays. Sometimes more
fate than failure—a ski breaks,
a binding opens—but fate and failure,
success and racer, are all one,
the same. Failure that does not
defeat leaves hope, and is a
great teacher. The other kind
of failure never forgives itself;
it is one of the saddest sights
on Earth. Every success is
made from a lot of failures.

VICTORY
…victory is the goal, the aim,
the reward. Yet, it arrives almost
as an afterthought, reminding
mortals that victory is the death
of the effort that achieved it.

Victory has unlimited disguises,
hiding nothing. The joy between
two friends who share the secrets of
success…the formal, sincere
congratulations of an admirer…the
inevitable winners circle victory
pose for the photographers; a little
sterile and impersonal, but
part of winning…
There are no final victories;
only tiny ones that never reach the surface,
giving strength and confidence for
the next race, not always on skis.
Winning is something, but to
learn the process of victory is more valuable;
that takes many victories and much luck.

AUTHORITARIANISM AND INDIVIDUALISM IN THE AGE OF TRUMP

My oldest son Richard is 63 in semi-retirement and has returned to school to work on a degree in Counseling Psychology. He has received grades of A+ in all his courses, not surprising to those who know him. One of his latest term papers offers some insight and enlightenment to these Covid/Trump flavored times of our country. Here it is. HAPPY NEW YEAR!!!

Authoritarianism and Individualism in the Age of Trump

Richard McFarland
College of the Siskiyous
Psychology 1003
Dr. Andrea Craddock, PhD
Dec 17, 2020

Authoritarianism and Individualism in the Age of Trump

Americans are well known for their “rugged individualism”, their staunch devotion to personal freedom and the values of “…life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”. The freedom of the individual to speak out, the freedom of the individual to self-express, and the freedom of the individual to make his or her own choices in pursuit of happiness and a better life are all intricately tied to American’s sense of national identity and values. Individual rights, the pursuit of self interest and self-determination are all qualities of individualism and would seem to be at odds with authoritarianism, which is characterized by conformity, compliance with norms, and submission and obedience to authority. (Kemmelmeier et al., 2003) America today, under Donald Trump, is a highly polarized and divided nation. At first glance, it would seem that the followers of Trump would fall into the camp of the freedom loving, “don’t tread on me”, individualists. However, a deeper look at the underlying psychology of authoritarianism and the authoritarian personality indicates that Trumpism is a fundamentally authoritarian phenomenon and is, in fact, antithetical to traditional, individualistic American values.

The authoritarian personality has been the subject of extensive study and research. In a 1950 study Adorno, et al identified the authoritarian personality as a “syndrome, a…structure in the person that renders him receptive to antidemocratic propaganda.” They determined that it consisted of nine sub-syndromes: conventionalism, authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, anti-intraception, superstition and stereotypy, power and toughness, destructiveness and cynicism, projectivity, and concern with sex.” (Baars & Scheepers, 1993 p. 345) Another pioneering researcher into the authoritarian personality was German social psychologist Eric Fromm (1900-1980). As a German Jew who fled the Nazis, he had more than just an academic interest in the topic. He described those with authoritarian personalities as having “…a strong emotional drive to submit to strong leaders whom they admired as symbols of power and toughness…” (Baars & Scheepers, 1993 p. 346), and as having “…aggression toward those primarily deviant or weaker groups, who were not inclined to submit to authorities…”(Baars & Scheepers, 1993 p. 346). He also noted that these individuals are prone to “ethnocentrism”, which he described as “…based on a pervasive and rigid ingroup-outgroup distinction; it involves stereotyped positive imagery and submissive attitudes regarding ingroups, and a hierarchical authoritarian view of group interaction in which ingroups are rightly dominant, outgroups subordinate” (Baars & Scheepers, 1993 p. 349) He identified two sub-types of the authoritarian personality, those who want to control, rule or restrain others, and those who tend to submit and obey. What they have in common, however, is the essence of the authoritarian personality: “the inability to rely on ones self, to be independent, to put in other words: to endure freedom.” (Fromm, 1957 p. 3-4)

In a more recent series of longitudinal studies published in 2016, Peterson, et al listed the following traits and/or behaviors as components of the authoritarian personality. Aggression: a tendency to “condemn, reject and punish” out-group members” coupled with a “submissive, uncritical attitude toward idealized moral authorities”. Anti-intraception: a dislike of introspection and a tendency to “…devalue the subjective, the imaginative and the tender minded”. They are conventional, destructive and cynical, intolerant of ambiguity and tend to think in “rigid categories” identify with “power figures”, assert an exaggerated strength and toughness and to view the world as a dangerous and wild place. (Peterson, Pratt, Olsen & Alisat, 2016)

To summarize, there are two aspects of the authoritarian personality: fundamentally, leaders and followers. It is a given that the followers far outnumber the leaders. The primary characteristics of the authoritarian personality include, conformity, in-group bias, aggression, intolerance, lack of introspection, ethnocentricity, submission to authority, and a tendency to punish those who they view as different or non-conforming. It is easy to see how the more dominant and charismatic leader types can easily play a role that satisfies the desire of the follower types for a strong and dominant leader. Strongman dictators had always risen to power on the popularity engendered by the dynamics of significant segments of a population that exhibit authoritarian personality traits and behaviors.

In 2016, Donald J. Trump narrowly won the election for President of the USA. Though he lost the popular vote by about 2 million votes, he carried the Electoral College by a fairly wide margin. His campaign messaging was tailor-made to appeal to the authoritarian personality. His narratives created an in-group (his supporters and anyone who wanted to “make America great again”) and an out-group (everyone else including democrats, liberals, immigrants, Muslims and foreigners). He promised to, literally, build a wall to keep his supporters safe and protected from those whom he cast as dangerous and threatening. He cast himself as an aggressive, intolerant strongman with almost superhuman powers with which he would protect and save his followers and punish his detractors. Without actually naming it, he created a conformist, in-group base of supporters, who were predominantly white, Christian, and working class. And they support him to this day, even though he clearly lost the 2020 election, with an almost cult like, evangelical fervor.

There are not studies or statistics to support this, but it seems likely that the demographic of authoritarian Trump supporters, would self-score high on personality traits such as individuality, self-expression, strong will, and independence. They would be likely to espouse traditional American values such as personal liberty, representative democracy (government by, of and for the people), and self-determination. They would be unlikely to label themselves as conformist or submissive to authority.

The current Covid-19 pandemic has brought this phenomenon into sharp focus. The almost cult-like devotees of Trump refuse to wear masks, social distance or follow other common sense public health guidance. They consider such concessions to common sense and public health as infringements on their personal liberties, as government overreach. His supporters have also gone so far, in their aggressive resistance to “lockdowns”, as to show up in state capitals toting assault rifles and decked out in military clothing and hardware. They would be the first to say that they are the opposite of conformist, submissive to authority or anything other than free thinking individuals exercising their god given, second amendment rights.

These people are buying into narratives of conformity with the values espoused by their in-group, and responding with ethnocentric aggression towards those who are not conforming with their values, the out-group. At the same time they are submitting, whether they are willing to admit it or not, to the megalomaniacal will of Donald J. Trump. This is a socio-political scenario with all of the hallmarks of authoritarianism. A significant percentage of the population has fallen into a myopic, authoritarian version of reality that is at odds with both the facts, as well as the perspectives of somewhat more than half of the population.

It seems that the likelihood of America transitioning into a Trump led version of a fascist autocracy has been narrowly averted by the election of 2020. But the polarization between the authoritarian cult of Donald Trump and the rest of the nation has never been more stark and deep. It remains to be seen how, and even if, there can be a return to the actual American values of inclusiveness, equal opportunity, liberty and justice for all and the rule of law.

References

Baars, J., Scheepers, P., (1993, October) Theoretical and methodological foundations of the authoritarian personality. Journal of the History of Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 29(345- 353).
Fromm, E., (1957) The authoritarian personality, Deutche Universitatszeitung, Band 12 (No. 9) https://www.marxists.org/archive/fromm/works/1957/authoritarian.htm (accessed November 24, 2020)
Kemmelmeier, M., Burnstein, E., Krumov, K., Genkova, P., Kanagawa, C., Hirshberg, M., …Noels, K. (2003, May) Individualism, collectivism and authoritarianism in seven societies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 34 (No 3) (304-321). doi: 10.1177/0022022103253183
Peterson, B.E., Pratt, M.W., Olsen, J.R., Alisat, S. (2016, 2. April) The authoritarian personality in emerging adulthood: longitudinal analysis using standardized scales, observer ratings, and content coding of the life story. Journal of Personality Vol. 84 (225-236), doi: 10.111/jopy.12154

SOME HISTORY, HEROES AND HEROINES of the BOULDER MOUNTAIN TOUR

Rob Kiesel was among the most influential people in the history of Nordic skiing, including Sun Valley. His pioneering innovations in Nordic coaching, team building, trail making, trail grooming and glide-waxing changed both competitive and recreational Nordic skiing throughout the world. An accomplished alpine ski racer before switching to Nordic, he moved to Ketchum in 1971 and with a partner opened Snug Mountaineering for backpackers, climbers and cross-country skiers in the same building where The Elephant’s Perch now stands. The following year he took over the coaching of a small group of high school Nordic skier who had been training on Sun Valley’s trails and started the Sun Valley Ski Education Foundation’s first Nordic program. Bob Rosso (who founded and still owns The Elephant’s Perch and has been one of the primary promoters and organizers of the BMT from the beginning) was his assistant. Over the next few years, Kiesel expanded the program and attracted skiers to Sun Valley. Kiesel died in October 2011 and a remembrance in Faster Skier reads, “According to Rosso, Kiesel liked to tinker and experiment. He spent time finding new ways to set cross-country track, perhaps most notably along the 32-kilometer Harriman Trail. There in the Wood River Valley, Kiesel helped develop one of the country’s first distance races for cross-country skiers — the Boulder Mountain Tour — in 1973. ‘There were these epic stories of Rob grooming a point-to-point trail with archaic 1970s snowmobile stuff,’ said SVSEF Nordic Program Director Rick Kapala. One of the first to dream up a year-round trail from Galena Lodge to the Sawtooth recreation area near Sun Valley, Kiesel had to route the trail. Kapala recalled stories of him driving into the river on his snowmobile.” High level athletics was in Kiesel’s blood, as his father, Bob, won an Olympic gold medal in 1932 as a member of the world record setting 4×100 meter relay at the Los Angeles games.
The first BMT from Galena Lodge to the SNRA was 30 km long and crossed highway 75 five or six times and was mostly either on top of the highway’s snowbank or right next to it. There were 48 competitors in that race and the first winners were Brent Hansen in 2:53:15 and Julie Gorton in 3:09:30. Hansen remembers the race like this: “Quite a bit of snow had blown in the night before the race. I was surprised to see how many people were at the start since it wasn’t a big sport in the valley yet. There was a mishmash of wooden skis, synthetic skis, weird touring set ups and probably some Army surplus. It seemed like a large cross section of skiers was there–from young to old. I had been experimenting with klister all season in the back country instead of using skins. So that is what I decided to use for the race, thinking it might be warmer on the bottom half. When the race started I immediately iced up with clumps of snow and so was at the back of the pack. I had to run with this on and off for the 1st half of the race. In the second part the snow was warming up and I was surprised to see I started passing a lot of people. From Phantom Hill to the finish the trail was blown in and difficult to find. I finally caught up with the lone skier ahead of me, Hemann Primus, who was much older than me, but going strong. I finally was able to pass him. Then I broke trail the rest of the way and realized how much work Hermann had done for us all! At the finish I was shocked to see that I had won. Many town folks had come out to watch and cheer us all on at the finish and along the route. The joy and excitement of the event really helped kick off Nordic skiing in the Wood River Valley where residents were longing for something like this and wanted to ski other places besides Baldy and Dollar…”
In 1974 the winners were Bob Rosso in 1:54:30 and Polly Sidwell in 2:18:15. The fastest times ever for the 30 km race, which ended in 1998, were Havard Solbakken in 1:05:34:3 and Heidi Selnes in 1:12:13:2. In 1999 some changes in the starting area made the BMT a 32 km race. The first winners of the 32 km race were Carl Swenson in 1:22:46:4 and Laura McCabe in 1:31:31:0. That distance lasted until 2014 when more course alterations moved it up to 34 km. The fastest times ever in the 32 km BMT were posted by Brooke Baughman in 1:12:36:1 and Eric Meyer 1:06:27:6, both in the 2003 race. The first winners in the 34 km BMT in 2014 were Chelsea Holmes in 1:23:55:9 and Sylvan Ellefson in 1:02:16:4, and the fastest overall times so far were posted in 2018 by Matt Gelso in 1:10:28:4 and Caitlin Gregg in 1:17:41:2.
But there’s much more to the BMT than individual winners in those categories. There is also a 15 km Half BMT that starts at Baker Creek and ends at the SNRA, and there are 14 age categories from 13 years and under (12 and under for the Half BMT) to 80 to 84 years. In 2019 the winners in the 13 and under category were Anika Vandenburgh in 2:01:52:95 and Holden Archie in 1:52:22:27. Anne Trygstad of Bozeman, Montana won the women’s 75 to 79 category in 2:41:57:13 and the lone competitor in the 80-84 age catagory was Steve Swanson who finished in 2:45:15:29.
Joanne Levy, who first came to Sun Valley from Hawaii in 1964 and who has been a fixture in the valley ever since, including a stint as Mayor of Sun Valley, competed in every BMT through 2014, sometimes winning her age category. That’s 41 consecutive Boulder Mountain Tours. In 2005 BMT organizers gave Levy a special jacket in acknowledgement of her 30 consecutive races (a couple of BMTs were cancelled due to snow conditions).
Dave Bingham, one of the finest multi outdoor sport athletes in WRV history, won the BMT twice and placed 2nd two other times in the early to mid-80s before, as he says, “…skate skiing became the go-to technique.” Bingham also placed 3rd in the 1980 Pikes Peak Marathon and in 1988 and 1990 won the NBC “Survival of the Fittest.” He is also one of the best known, accomplished climbers in Idaho and the author of the best climbing guide books to southern Idaho. Bingham describes his Nordic coaching career like this: “I coached for SVSEF in three stints, separated by other work, first under Kevin Swigert (approx 1980 – 1984), then with Sue Long and the beginning of Rick Kapala’s tenure, where I was head of the Prep (middle school) Team. That was roughly 1987 -1995. I quit because we’d just had our first child and I was busy chinking the newly-built River Run facilities. I came back as head Devo (elementary school) coach in about 2001, and retired in 2017 during which time the program grew from approximately 60 kids (combined north and south valley programs) to over 100 participants. 28 years!”
Kevin Swigert was director of the BMT for 13 years before retiring at the end of the 2014 season. Swigert, a Twin Falls native who has spent most of his life in the WRV, was a member of the U.S. Nordic Ski Team and three times National Champion. As Director, he was the primary force behind creating the Sun Valley Nordic Festival. From 48 racers in 1973, the BMT has grown to where only 1000 competitors, some of them among the best skiers in the world, are allowed each year. A BMT program from 2014 describes the early years as “…similar to the Boulder Mountain Tour races these days, with the more competitive racers bunched up in front while the recreational skiers enjoyed the scenery and the camaraderie that comes with a slower pace. What was different then was that the racers couldn’t pass easily because of the sketchy grooming. And as for the slower skiers, they really took time to enjoy the day. ‘There were no aid stations back then. We used to bring a backpack with lunch, and sometimes a bottle of wine,’ reminisced Andy Munter, the owner of Backwoods Mountain Sports and a veteran of many Boulder Mountain Tour races. ‘The trail was only set for one day a year, so people really took time to enjoy it.’” Today the WRV calls itself “Nordic Town, USA in winter” with over 200 km of groomed trails open to the public from Galena Lodge as far south as Bellevue. Last season there were 65,876 skier days reported on those trails. The economic impact of the BMT and recreational Nordic skiing on the community is difficult to precisely measure, but, according to Harry Griffith, Executive Director of Sun Valley Economic Development, “In 2012, the total economic impact of the nine days of Nordic Fest in Feb was $3.1 million for Blaine Co. The majority of this impact was from visitors who came from across the US for the Boulder Tour and stayed an average of 4 days to celebrate Nordic skiing.”
That’s a significant legacy to the local community from one man who liked to tinker and experiment and find new ways in the world.